Christian Smith and Patricia Snell have released Souls in Transition: The Religious and Spiritual Lives of Emerging Adults, a sequel to the excellent Soul Searching: The Religious and Spiritual Lives of American Teenagers. The books are statistical and sociological analysis of the religious lives of American teens and now Young Adults or in their language Emerging Adults. Leadership Journal has put together their own trends in reflection of their reading of the book. The interesting question I would like to explore is do these US trends also reflect what is going on in Australia, New Zealand and Europe which is where many of you readers find yourselves.
Myth 1: Emerging adults serve out of concern for the common good.
College campuses are wallpapered with fliers promoting service opportunities. Churches send their youth on local and foreign mission projects. Political analysts credit youth volunteers and voters with helping to elect President Obama in 2008.
It’s mostly a mirage.
According to Smith and Snell, emerging adults are far less likely than their parents or grandparents to volunteer or contribute to charitable causes. They share no qualms about materialism and long to someday live the American dream with a large salary and large home.
“Few emerging adults are involved in community organizations or other social change-oriented groups or movements,” Smith and Snell observe. “Not many care to know much of substance about political issues and world events.
This one is fairly spot on with most of the research that I have seen outside of the US. Young Adult activism, political and social engagement is practiced by a vocal but small minority. In fact many experts claim that young adults are the least socially and politically engaged generation alive.
Myth 2: Emerging adults reject their parents’ religious influence.
As children approach the teenage years, their parents anticipate conflict. Because many parents worry about dragging their teens to church against their will, many resign themselves to parental irrelevance. Yet Smith and Snell find that most emerging adults fall into their parents’ religious patterns one way or another. Still, parents are slow to realize they need to change how they relate to foster maturity and independence.
Again this is probably true outside of the US. As many young adults at least here in Australia share the values of the parents in a way not seen in previous post-war generations.
Myth 3: Emerging adults behave similarly whether religious or not.
Actually, emerging adults devoted to religion are significantly more likely to give money, volunteer for community service, decline alcohol and drugs, and abstain from pornography and premarital sex.
Trouble is, only 5 percent of emerging adults are so devoted to their faith that they attend religious services weekly or read Scripture as much as once or twice per month. And that group includes Mormons, Muslims, Jews, and all Christian denominations. But their behavior often resembles the irreligious more than the devoted. They practice a different creed: so long as you don’t hurt others, almost anything goes. And since every single person is different, different rules apply, depending on the situation.
Ok the myth could have been written better here. What they are saying is that there is a myth that Christian young adults act in pretty much the same way as non-Christian young adults, but then they say that most self described Christian young adults do act like the rest of the culture. Except for the tiny minority who actually practice an engaged point. Hence you can see why many are confused. This is a similar point to the one made by David Myers in his book A Friendly Letter to Atheists about believers of all ages.
Myth 4: Emerging adults have abandoned liberal Protestantism.
Some evangelicals enjoy pointing out rapidly declining attendance at liberal churches. But Smith and Snell temper that enthusiasm. Even those who check the right boxes on Jesus and heaven do not heed God’s call on their lives. No matter their professed beliefs, emerging adults tend to live for jobs, money, fun, and friends. At the gut level, liberal values trump biblical doctrine.
Smith and Snell observe: “Individual autonomy, unbounded tolerance, freedom from authorities, the affirmation of pluralism, the centrality of human self-consciousness, the practical value of moral religion, epistemological skepticism, and an instinctive aversion to anything ‘dogmatic’ or committed to particulars were routinely taken for granted by respondents.”
Again not a well articulated myth. What they are saying echoes the previous myth, but it does not really mean that liberal protestantism continues to erode. They are confusing terms here with the classic use of the term liberal in the US to describe social values or behaviour, and the concept of theological liberalism.
Myth 5: Emerging adults tend to fall away from faith in college.
Many parents fear their children’s going off to college, where peers and professors deconstruct everything they learned growing up. But Smith and Snell echo other studies that show emerging adults who do not attend college are more likely to fall away from faith. Why? There are a greater number of evangelical faculty members who support like-minded students. The modernist enterprise with its secularizing agenda has all but collapsed. And evangelical campus groups flourish.
The hard data from Australia, New Zealand and the UK goes against this. University has a devastating affect on faith on young adults in those countries. I guess if you like me are reading this outside of the US you would have to giggle at this one. There is no way that in Australia, New Zealand and Europe that the ‘modernist enterprise with its secularizing agenda has all but collapsed’ in Universities. In fact outside the US in our post 9/11 world I would say that it had a shot in the arm. Just look to the example of the fact that New Atheist groups are springing up on University campuses here in Australia.
On the whole for the Western non US reader some interesting trends to observe, but also a reminder that we are in a very different and much more secular environment and therefore challenging landscape than the US church; a fact that we know in our context but often forget as we walk through the doors of the Christian bookstore.
Read the full article here. Thanks to Tim for the spot.